Syria

Syria 1945-1990 "Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; two small, green, five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)” (World of Factbook)



media type="custom" key="25922964" [|(][|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49fcdJ3EfZ4)] Syria and its people were under French rule since 1925. But, once Germany had defeated France in World War II, Syria gained realization that they do not want to be under French rule, so they proclaimed independence for them selves. Syria officially became independent on April 17th, 1946 when Shukri al-Quwatli-first Syrian president post-independence- forced France out of their country with the help of the United Nations. They did this because the French were causing tension and bloodshed to Syria and its people. This is known as the “Evacuation day". After Syria’s gain of independence, they struggled to have political stability so they decided to unite with Egypt to form the “United Arab Republic” in February 1958. The United Arab Republic was an agreement between Arab countries to form a republic. Syria and Egypt were the first two countries to engage in this agreement. This stood for four years then they separated from each other. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD took power “in a bloodless secret and successful plan and brought political stability to the country.”
 * Historical background of Syria 1945-1990 **

[|Shukri al-Quwatli]  Born/died: 1891-1967 In office: 1943-1955 Biography: He was the first President to lead Syria into becoming independent from the French mandate. “In April 1946, and after mounting international pressures, the last French troop left Syria after 26 years of occupation… After a series of military coups, free elections were once again held in Syria, and Quwatli was elected President again (18 August 1955). In February 1958, he signed the Union Pact with Egypt to establish the United Arab Republic with Gamal Abdel Nasser as president.” 
 * Syrian leaders 1945-1990 **

[|Adib al-Shishakhli] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Born/died: 1909-1954 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">In office: 1953-1954 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Biography: He disestablished political parties and believed in one-man rule, which led to his downfall. He created a constitution to create a presidential form of government. He was also the Syrian military leader. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">[|Hafez al-assad] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Born/died: 1930-2000 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">In office: 1971-2000 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Biography: Dictator, held all control over Syria. Real elections never happened (they were fake or fictitious elections). Although he was a dictator, he managed to bring peace to the country after many years of war. Towards his final years in office, the country started to prosper and the economy began improving. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">"[|The Ba’ath Party] began in Syria in April 1947, formed by the merging of Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar’s Arab Ba’ath Movement and Zaki al-Arsuzi’s Arab Ba’ath. The newly formed Party’s objectives were secularism, socialism, and pan-Arab unification, as well as freedom from Western influence.[2] To that end, the Party was influential in securing independence for Syria from France, and took control of the country in 1963, holding it ever since. However, all was not plain sailing for the Party in the early days, with bitter in-fighting between progressive elements and those of a more nationalist flavour. Eventually, the nationalists won control, bringing the al-Assads to power."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Ba'ath Party **

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Globalization ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">[|(theglobaleconomy)] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">After all that Syria has gone through, globalization does not prevent conflict. Economic issues in developing nations can result in internal conflict.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">“Globalization of culture and production places great strain on developing countries and leads to conflict internally against the globalizing forces in terms of both intra- and inter-state conflict. Moreover, it leads to conflict because not all groups within the society benefit equally from globalization there is a tendency for conflict between haves and have-nots to emerge.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Trade may help minimize conflict so that all nations can prosper and continue to be economically successful. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">“Most struggles for self-determination that have strong local causes involve a combination of cultural, economic and political factors. Global influences, however, often play a strong role in contributing to the inequalities and deprivations, while they also facilitate the finance of the struggles and provide private incentives for individuals to fight, both among the government and the rebels. Global cultural connections also play a part. On the one hand, diasporas can be an important source of finance for particular groups; on the other, cultural connections facilitate trade and finance, particularly when trade is illegal.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">“Both economic and cultural influences are critical in shaping internal conflicts.” Although these may cause problems, they do not guide internal conflicts.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">“Interdependence:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Globalization brings states and other entities into more contact with each other at more levels. This leads to a complex relationship, which only gets more complex as multinational corporations spread resources across the globe.” Complex interdependence may lead to weak military desires. ([|illinoisstate])

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">[|(theglobaleconomy)]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Syria has a variety of close range natural resources which includes natural gas and oil. Middle eastern countries are highly dependent upon this, but Syrian economy failed to strive in this aspect due to foreign exchange control.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Economic **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Syria is no longer dependent of France. After gaining independence, Syrians had expected their country to endeavor success, but they soon discovered that without France leading their independence, Syrian government lost their paths and collapsed. Due to this, Syria had no choice but to create allies with other Middle Eastern countries.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Social **

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> The Soviet Union played a huge role in Syrian globalization. Syria's acces to natural resources developed was one of the reasons for the outcome of the Ba'ath Party. Although Hafez al-Assad was a dictator, he wanted Syria to be an 100% independent country, meaning he did not want Syria to rely on the Soviet Union in any means.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Political **

** Works Cited **

//Cosmos//. UCC Palestine Solidarity Campaign, n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=8379>. Shukri al-Ouwatli brief information on type of leader he was and personal information.

// Damascus, Syria - Islamic Empire History //. //Youtube//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49fcdJ3EfZ4>.

//The Global Economy//. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported, n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Syria/kof_econ_glob/>. Globalization maps and pictures.

//Global Edge//. Michigan State University, n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/syria/history>. Syria: History

French occupation, independence, how they prospered and background information.

//Illinois State//. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://pol.illinoisstate.edu/current/conferences/Sawicki%20Globalization%20Paper.docx>. Globalization on general ideas and Syrian topics.

//Library of Congres//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Syria.pdf>. Overall history of Syria

"Map of Syria." //Nations Online//. Nations Online Project, n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. <http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/syria-map.htm>.

//South African History Online//. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-arab-republic-proclaimed-egypt-iraq-and-syria>. Talks about how the United Arab Republic was formed and the purpose of it.

//Syrian Friendship Association//. Syrian Embassy Washington, n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://syrian-friendship-association.org/>. Brief History of Syria (click "Brief History of Syria)

Background information.

//Wikipedia//. Commons:Hirtle chart, n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafez_al-Assad.jpg>. Image of Hafez al-assad