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The Rise and Journey of ** __India__ ** ** (1945-1990) **

Indian Independence (1947):



India was declared [|independent] August 15, 1947, and so the country, immediately faced with obstacles, followed it’s path to it’s current contemporary state. it was a British colony that did actually prosper economically, but socially, the people who inherited the Indian region were persecuted by the British inhabitants. Their many cultures and traditions were pronounced illegal under British rule which led them later to distrust outside help once they achieve their own nation(thenagain).

Indian Independence Documentary ( Part 1/9 ) media type="custom" key="25921894"



Mahatma Gandhi was the one who led the Indian freedom movement which turned out to be successful in the development of the country. (sscnet)

Pakistani and Indian Conflicts:

 Pakistan, formed a day before India, became the home to the millions of Muslims who had lived in India or seek refuge from any neighboring countries.  This created a clear split between the Indian and Pakistani people as they both received their own dominion. This seemed like a good plan to begin with as the people of their own respective religions would then be with their own religion instead of a massive pool of cultures but then territorial disputes erupted  between the Indian Hindus and Pakistani Muslims. (peacekashmir.org)

The state of Kashmir was stuck between two decisions as it was between India or Pakistan. What caused the major indecision was  that the state was led by a Hindu Maharajah but the population was mostly Muslim which Pakistan used as a reason why Kashmir should join the latter. But what complicated the argument even further is that most Muslims agreed with joining India. Then October came and revolts broke out across pro-Pakistani Muslims in Kashmir. Pakistan took this as a chance to capture Kashmir. India joined much later, right before the capital, Srinagar, was going to be taken. Right when they joined, The [|Indo-Pakistani war of 1947] had begun, but it ended in a cease fire as the U.N. became involved and produced a cease fire. (peacekashmir)

Economic Policy:

Jawaharlal Nehru (First Prime minister of India) In 1952, the Jawaharlal Nehru is seated into power as the prime minister of India, and without aligning themselves with the two parties in the Cold War. Though he believes that their is only one solution to the major economic and social obstacles, and that is only through socialism. Similarly like Russia or China had done (notice how both are communist), India proceeded with a Five-Year Plan which was a smart move and provided a strong base to fortify their new economy. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The plan granted 20.6 billion rupees to crucial investments like electricity and infrastructure. He based and sometimes even copied Soviet Russia's economic plan, policies, and behavior as Nehru admired socialism's power. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">He also undertook the closed policy and only relied on themselves for economic growth, they kept the closed policy until the 1990s. ( uni-heidelberg) (anu)

<span style="background-color: #097a00; color: #ff9800; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Untouchability:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|Untouchability], a state where one is disgraced religiously from birth (completely disrespected by others who aren't of that social class, even by name) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">and it goes past the shame of being a slave. [|Dalits] (untouchables) were considered inferior or “polluted people” and were reserved jobs that were considered “filthy”. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">These jobs went from scooping up human fecal matter on the side of the street to washing clothes. This was a huge impact on the lives of the Indian populace as <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dalits made up a large amount of the population at the time and non-Dalits relied on them from the basis of religion. Untouchability became a concern as soon <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> as India had gained independence and the idea was actually abolished with the national constitution of India in 1950. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This, however, did not change the world the Dalits lived in as the rest (especially extreme Hindus) would continue to religiously disrespect these poor individuals. (navsarjan)

Borderline Conflicts:



<span style="background-color: #007504; color: #ff9800; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Invasion of Goa
Once they had developed their own nation and government, India was faced with dealing with foreign powers that disagreed or threatened it's borders. One of them being the invasion of Goa, the reclaim of land by India from the Portuguese Colony of Goa. Both Portugal and India have been arguing over the land since 1950, and between 1950-1961 the two nations built up military on either side. They sent out hostile scout planes constantly and the first hostility was on December 17, 1961 when Indian forces occupied the town of <span style="color: #252525; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Maulinguém and killed two Portuguese soldiers. From then on, the Indian army was sent to invade Goa and other neighboring colonies to free them from their European sovereigns. They overwhelmed the defending Portuguese in under two days (December 18-19). (stanford)

-Sino-Indian War
Following the invasion of Goa in the next year, the Sino-Indian conflict was caused by a Chinese violation of an agreement between India and the former. The Indians inherited the McMahon line from their independence, therefore, India has a claim to that land. Though, this conflicts with China's interests as they believe to have the line to themselves. But the violation was when the Chinese had built a road on the Aksai-chin Plain between Tibet and Xinjiang. The Chinese now have invaded rightful Indian territory and to make matters worse, Tibet went into a full revolt. The reason it made matters worse was because the Dalai Lama of Tibet was being sheltered in India preventing China from getting to him. India had wanted to prove itself as a world power and they took this chance to show the world. Sadly, the Indians couldn't achieve their goal as the Chinese swept their forces with the combined intellectual minds of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. India ended up losing Aksai- Chin plain to the Chinese as a result of the war since they lost.(du)

<span style="background-color: #1c6d00; color: #ff9800; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Globalization:

India took the helm and had to learn how to properly be a country on their own through experiences. So all the conflicts and confrontations made India grow as a united people and nation. The Portuguese conflict allowed them to show their power over a European sovereign and demonstrated India's potential to the world. India had no basis for economic growth until Indians began studying Marxism and it's effects on communist countries. With this, India began to prosper under the new economic policies based off those of China and Russia. In the span of 1945-1990, India did not rely on other countries as they had a closed policy and relied on themselves until the later 1990s.