Brazil


 * BRAZIL 1945 - 1990 **



The Video Below is a Background of Brazil

media type="custom" key="25921842"


 * // Government of Brazil from 1945 - 1990 //**

Between 1945 - 1990 Brazil was under power from different elected presidents elected in different times. Such as --> The second republic (1946–1964) which had 9 presidents. The Second republic was an unstable time period for the government when  committed suicide. Because of this the time period between 1946 - 1964 had many short term presidents and there own vice presidents as well. Though some didn't have some vice presidents such as: ____ , ____ , [|Nereu Ramos], ____  , [|João Goulat]. During these short term presidents out of the three parties existent they were elected. These three parties were: Social Democratic Party, Brazilian Labor Party (historical), National Labor Party. Out of these 9 presidents during this time period 5 were elected from the social democratic party, 3 from the Brazilian Labor Party, and one from the National labor party. The one president named, he was elected from the National Labor Party was the first elected in years and everyone was shocked that he won. But while during his presidency Supposedly he was either drunk or made a plot or was drunk while making this plot but he resigned from the office in hope of the congress would re elect him without a vice president so he could have more power and his was at the time [|João Goulat], but unfortunately the congress got the letter and was shocked like everyone else but he was resigned and left office and his plan if he had one failed. Then in 1964 - 1985 was the military regime. This was a point in time of Brazil when it was a authoritarian military dictatorship by the armed forces against the president at the time [|João Goulat]. when this happened other countries around Brazil started to take notices and other military regimes happened as well. This created the "Doctrine of National Security." " There was no such confusion of medieval mysticism with twentieth-century totalitarianism in Brazil, although the results were similar. Brazil's military also views itself as the "chosen few," but less on religious than on technological grounds, the Brazilians believing themselves "nation builders"; the Argentines, "nation saviours." Like Hitler, Brazil's generals view Catholicism as a useful weapon to control the masses, but they neither expect nor accept active participation by the Church in the field of social action or human rights. As in Argentina, however, the Brazilian branch of TFP was a useful ally of the military, particularly during the period leading up to the coup against President Joao Goulart." [|(Site)] This quote above shows how Brazil's regime was created and controlled with the "Catholicism as a useful weapon." From 1985 - to the present (2014) "In the early 1980s the military government started a process of gradual political opening, called //abertura//, the final goal of which was democracy. When the term of the last military president was to end, however, no direct elections for president took place. For the election of the country's first civilian president since the military coup of 1964, the military maintained the rule that prevailed during the dictatorial regime, according to which an Electoral College made up of the entire National Congress and representatives from State Assemblies was to elect the president. This time, however, the Military placed the Electoral College under no coercion, so that its members would be free to select the president of their choice." So now there was 6 different parties: Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, Party of the National Reconstruction, Brazilian Social Democratic Party, Liberal Front Party, Workers' Party, Brazilian Republican Party.

//**Cultural Elements**//
 * = Ethnic Group ||= Percentage ||
 * = White ||= 47.7 % ||
 * = Mulatto (white and Black) ||= 43.1 % ||
 * = Black ||= 7.6 % ||
 * = Asian ||= 1.1 % ||
 * = Indigenous ||= 0.4 % ||


 * = Religion ||= Percentage ||
 * = Roman Catholic ||= 64.6 % ||
 * = Other Catholic ||= 0.4 % ||
 * = Protestant ||= 22.2 % ||
 * = Adventist ||= 6.5 % ||
 * = Assembly of God ||= 2.0 % ||
 * = CCB * ||= 1.2 % ||
 * = UKG ** ||= 1.0 % ||
 * = Other Protestant ||= 11.5 % ||
 * = Other Christian ||= 0.7 % ||
 * = Spiritist ||= 2.2 % ||
 * = Other ||= 1.4 % ||
 * = None ||= 8 % ||
 * = Unspecified ||= 0.4 % ||
 * Christian Congress of Brazil
 * Universal Kingdom of God

media type="custom" key="25921848"

//**Economic developments**//

"Economic Change and New Political Actors. World War I affected most of Latin America because of the interruption of European demand for its products. Some local industries formed to reproduce replacements for unavailable European Products. A few exports had increased European demand. After the war the economy slowed, causing increasing political unrest. Population growth, swelled by heavy immigration, contributed to urban concentration and increased social problems." [|(Latin America)] "The industrialisation process from the 1950's to the 1970's led to the expansion of important sectors of the economy such as the automobile industry, petrochemicals, and steel, as well as to the initiation and completion of large infrastructure projects. In the decades after World War II, the annual Gross National Product (GNP) growth rate for Brazil was among the highest in the world averaging, until 1974, 7.4 percent. During the 1970's Brazil, like many other countries in Latin America, absorbed excessive liquidity from U.S., European, and Japanese banks. Huge capital inflows were directed to infrastructure investments and state enterprises were formed in areas that were not attractive for private investment. The result of this capital infusion was impressive: Brazil's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased at an average rate of 8.5 percent per annum from 1970 to 1980 despite the impact of the 1970's world oil crisis. Per capita income rose fourfold during the decade, reaching US$ 2,200 in 1980." [|(Brazilian Economy)] "Until the beginning of the 20th century the Brazilian economy was characterized by a succession of cycles, each of them based on the exploitation of a single export commodity: timber (brazilwood) in the first years of colonization; sugarcane in the 16th and 17th centuries; precious metals (gold and silver) and gems (diamonds and emeralds) in the 18th century; and finally, coffee in the 19th. Slave labour was used for production, a situation that would continue until the last quarter of the l9th century. Paralleling these cycles, small scale agriculture and cattle raising were developed for local consumption. A first surge of industrialization took place during the years of World War I, but it was only from the 1930's onwards that Brazil reached a level of modern economic performance. In the 1940's, the first steel plant was built in the state of Rio de Janeiro at Volta Redonda with US Eximbank financing." [|(Brazilian Economy)]

//**Impact of Globalization**//

“This thesis investigates the concept of globalization and its effects on the economic, political and social development in Brazil. For many years Brazil suffered from economic instability, high inflation and high levels of income inequalities and poverty. New reforms and opening up of domestic markets has had positive effects on Brazil in terms of stabilizing the economy. Globalization is a growing phenomenon and its effects on the world and people have been enormous. Trade liberalization has led to increased foreign direct investment inflows and ithas also increased Brazil’s international trade. During the era of globalization and economic growth, Brazil has received more power within international organizations and has become an important addition to international politics. But, even if the trade liberalization had positive effects on Brazil during the 1990s, inequality and poverty levels did not decline. This was due to the lack of functioning social policies. Governmental changes in the 21st century led to social reforms and by introducing new policies poverty levels were reduced. Today Brazil is experiencing a growing middle class and a further reduction of inequality levels. For globalization to have a positive effect on Brazil it must be controlled and the working economic reforms must be introduced. This happened during the mid 1990s and since the beginning of the 21st century Brazil has experienced the benefits of globalization.” [|(GLOBALIZATION IN BRAZIL PDF document)]

WORK CITED: