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= = = The Evolution of Nigeria = (1945-1990)

(wikimedia.org)

History of Main Events in Nigeria:


 * 1945- The General Strike
 * 1950's- "The Four Obnoxious Laws"
 * 1951- The MacPherson Constitution centralized power in Nigeria
 * 1960- Nigeria gained independence from Britain
 * 1963- Gulf Oil began oil production in Nigeria and Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first president and formed republic
 * 1966- 10,00 people were killed due to rioting by Igbo militant leaders
 * 1967- Biafran War
 * 1983-1985- "War against Indiscipline"
 * 1985- "Structural Adjustment period"

Nigeria Before independence

(wikicommons.org) Nigeria After independence

Introduction: Since 1885, Nigeria has been under British rule by commissioner, Frederick Lugard. In 1912, the commissioner was ordered to merge North and South Nigeria and by 1914, the task was done. By the time World War two began, the British tried to structure Africa in demand for more political power. In 1951, Nigeria was separated into Northern, Eastern, and Western regions with overall legislative council. Political power gradually became successful and self government was involved. If you read further into the article then you will read that Nigeria gains Independence of NIgeria in October 1, 1960. Even before Nigeria had finally gained independence, several other events had rattle Nigerian government in order to make it a more successful nation.

Fredrick Lugard: (wikipedia.org)

General Strike: On June 21st fellow Nigerians desired to have higher salaries, due to the increased expenses of living. This led to the strike of 150,000 workers and non-clerical workers. Since 1941, the cost of living in nigeria has doubled. The consequences may lead to war. The Nigerian government thought about this fact and had granted several civilians allowances such as, Separation allowance, the Cost of- Living Allowance, and Local Allowance. African workers, especially non-clerical workers whom have been majorly affected by the major increase in prices received an increase in wage. This strike occurred because of the British governor whom refused to increase african wages by 50% for those who work in the field of railway services. It is very had for Africans in this field, since they work up to all the hours in a day in order to only get less than minimum wage, which is about 60 cents a day. This could not help pay mortgage or living standards. Yet, for Europeans coming into the country they had allowances when paying living costs. The Trade Union Congress and the African Civil Servants Technical Workers Union organized the strike. The strike came to a halt when official, Arthur Richards refused to increase wages for the Europeans, due to the cause of corruption in society. ( marxists.org) (nigerianwiki.com)

Centralized power in Nigeria: In 1951, The MacPherson Constitution centralized power in Nigeria. In which also, governed all of Nigeria. This constitution introduced quasi federalism and demand for lost inferences and needs. Also, 2 legislatures were established for the northern and western regions (So, house of Chiefs and house of assembly). There are three forms of legislature, regional, regular, and central. The Regular legislature had to make laws abiding by peace and order. The Central legislature had the power to veto any bill before it went to the Regional governor. (martinslibrary.blogspot.com)

Nigeria Gaining Independence: [|Nigeria gained it's independence]

A new federal system was built and head of state, which was now officially led by Azikiwe. This changed the structure of the continent making the northern part of the trust territory of the Cameroons united with Cameroun and joined the northern region in June 1961. Other changes were made for instance, Nigeria became a republic and Nnamdi Azikiwe became president of the country, although, the Prime Minister, Balewa still held more power. Also, when elections came into play in '65, The Nigerian National Democratic Party came to power in Nigeria's Western Region. Negative changes to this cause was the difference in ethnicities and regional differences.

The Biafran War/ The Forgotten War/ Nigerian Civil War: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3Erl5Y-SZM The Biafran war was known as one of the most tragic wars in Nigeria due to the conflict of ethnicities and regional differences. In this war 1 million people died due to starvation in the "war -bound regions," including genocide mainly performed in the areas heavily populated of the Igbo people. It began with the Musilm Hausas beginning to massacre the Igbo tribe, because they wanted to have full control of Igbo territory and for them to move to the east of Nigeria to move with the rest of their clan. They refused to so, on May 30, 1967, [|Lieutenant Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu] sent troops out to mass murder the Igbo tribe and by taking away their necessities in which help them survive. The state lost oil fields, sources of trade, and many losses because of malnutrition. On January 11, 1970 NIgerian officials captured the capital of Owerri and Biafra surrendered to Nigeria. (nigeriaworld.com)

War Against Indiscipline: War Against Indiscipline or WAI, In March, 1984, [|President Buhari] and General Tunde Indiagbon. The laws were enlisted that this program was to, " instill public morality, discipline or social order, civic responsibilities and promoting Nigerian nationalism." Their were multiple phases and new laws to this "war" starting off with phase 1. The aim for this manner was to conduct people to wait for high demand services, also for women to train the female youth to be trained in home economics and discipline. Second Phase in which began in May, 1984 included promoting hard work, which was organized by the government. Third and Fourth phase focused on dedication and leadership to the country of Nigeria and how to maintain economic sabotage. Finally the Fifth phase, began in July of 1985, Buhari administration introduced sanitation.

History of Nigeria's Oil Industry: Oil was discovered in NIgeria in the year 1956 in the Niger Delta, discovered by the common gas station, Shell. This was known as Shell BP. In 1960, "exploration rights in onshore and offshore areas adjoining the NIger Delta were extended to other foreign companies." In 1970, when the Biafran War concluded the price of oil increased around the world in which Nigeria gained riches from the mass amount of production of oil around the world. Following this in 1971, Nigeria joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countires (OPEC) and the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) was created in order to maintain power and control of the vast growing production of oil in Nigeria. By the late 60's and 70's about 2 million barrels of crude oil was produced a day. Unfortunatley, oil production dropped in the 80's because of the major fall in economy. (sweetcrudereports.com) (inhabitat.com)