Somalia

__ Somalia __

Somalia is a very divided nation that is absent any sense of controlled government and therefore there is no overall ideology of the country. Somalia is attempting to stabilize many of the internal conflicts that continue to exist in the country, along with attempting to create a political ideology and a foreign policy. Civil unrest has prevented economic policy development. Economic policymaking has also been limited due to the country's heavy reliance on agriculture that is vulnerable to climatic conditions. About 60% of the population in Somalia are pastoralists or agropastoralists, and about 20% are agriculturists. Except for a small number of Somalis who rely on fishing, the remainder of the population are urban dwellers, employed as government workers, shopkeepers, factory workers, and traders. Somalia has the longest coast line on the mainland of Africa and the conditions are hot year round, with monsoons and sparatic rain fall. the economy of somalia is mainly based on agriculture, livestock and telecommunications. Industrialization has been gradual, but agriculture employs 65% of the work force. media type="custom" key="25916966" History After the Potsdam Conference the UN gave Italy trusteeship of Somalia, with the condition that somalia become independent within ten years. The UN thought this trusteeship would help educate the Somalis and teach them to self govern. The British remained in control of the other half. Before WWII, Britain controlled Somalia as a colony. The two territories, Italian Somalia and British Somalia eventually had trouble integrating. media type="custom" key="25916958" In 1948 the British returned land that was protected by british treaties and belonged to Somalia, to Ethiopia. When Britain gave the territory to Ethiopia, they assured the Somali people the would keep their autonomy. Instead, Ethiopia cleaned the land from Somalia. British Somali became independent in 1960 and the Italian Somali followed five days later. Both territories joined to become the Somali Republic. In 1969 Somalia's President Shamrock was assassinated, and their was a military coup de'etat. The Supreme Revolutionary Counsel took power and suspended the countries constitution. They successfully increased education and literacy and also nationalized industry and land. Their global connections associated with the Arib community.They adapted Marxist and Communist principals. Culturally Somalia identified with the Islamic religion. in 1977 the Ogaden War broke out when Somalia tried to unify Ethiopia under the Pan-Somalia ideology. by 1978 the Somali troops were pushed out and gained support from Ethiopia's rival, the United States. The USSR was supporting Ethiopia. By 1990 the economy was suffering, inflation had risen and fuel shortage was common. @http://www.tandemproject.com/issue_statements/statements/2010/122910_upr.htm media type="custom" key="25916936" width="82" height="82" Global Significance media type="custom" key="25917010" width="92" height="92" The legacy of European colonialism that divided the SOmalian people has lead to a civil war and state collapse in 1991. the impact of the cold war, the Ogaden War with Ethiopia and wars with other neighboring states had a negative effect on Somalia. In 1970 Somalia's President Bar re claimed Somalia as a socialist state creating a close relationship with the USSR. By 1977 the attempt to invade Ethiopia was defeated, because the Soviets and the Cubans backed Ethiopia. Barre was then forced to side the US. As the Cold War ended and Somalia's importance to the United States declined, the foreign aid that Somalia received was withdrawn. Somalia did not have the resources to draw attention from Western countries and in January 1991 the State collapsed into civil war and famine.

Cultural The Somalia people have historically been nomads, farmers, traders,and seafarers. They practice Islamic worship and most belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. They worship Muhammad as their savior. Christianity is a minority religion in Somalia. The Somalian currency is the Schilling, it is subdivided into one hundred centi. It has been part of Somalia since 1921. @http://en.openei.org/wiki/Somalia