Egypt

Egypt “where it all Begins”

[|Egypt is a large, complex, very important country.] [|Hillary Clinton]

media type="custom" key="25915712" width="78" height="78"

---
General Information


 * Official Name: Jumhuriyah Misral-Arabiya (Arab Republic of Egypt)
 * Capitol: Cairo
 * Currency: Egyptian Pound
 * Location: Northeastern Africa
 * Climate: temperate summers and moderate winters
 * Languages: Arabic and English
 * Religions practiced: Islam and Christianity

---
What is Globalization?

Globalization is defined as, " A social, economic, and political phenomenon. The movement towards the expansion of economic and social ties between countries through the spread of corporate institutions and the capitalist philosophy that leads to the shrinking of the world in economic, political, and social terms."

---
Timeline //The following timeline was ascertained from BBC News and is an excerpt from the timeline on their Egypt profile.//

1948 - Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria attack the new state of Israel. 1949 February - Hassan al-Banna of the Muslim Brotherhood is assassinated. 1949 - Committee of the Free Officers' Movement formed. 1952 January - At least 20 people are killed in anti-British riots in Cairo. 1952 - Coup by the Free Officers' Movement. Farouk abdicates in favour of his infant son Ahmed Fuad II. Republic declared 1953 - Coup leader Muhammad Najib becomes president as Egypt is declared a republic. 1954 - Fellow coup leader Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes prime minister and in 1956 president, ruling unchallenged until his death of natural causes in 1970 1954 - Evacuation Treaty signed. British forces, who began a gradual withdrawal in 1936 finally leave Egypt. 1956 July - Nasser nationalises the Suez Canal to fund the Aswan High Dam. 1956 October - Tripartite Invasion of Egypt by Britain, France and Israel due to the nationalisation of the Suez Canal. A ceasefire is declared in November. 1958 February - Egypt and Syria join to form the United Arab Republic (UAR) in the first step of their aim for Arab unity. 1961 - Syria withdraws from the union with Egypt but Egypt remains known as the UAR. Six-day war 1967 May - Egypt, Jordan sign defence pact. Israel says it increases danger of war with Arab states. 1967 June - Six-Day War in which Israel defeats forces of Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Israel takes control of Sinai, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and the West Bank. 1970 September - Nasser dies and is replaced by his Vice-President, Anwar al-Sadat. 1971 - Treaty of Friendship between Egypt and the Soviet Union is signed. 1971 - Egypt's new constitution is introduced and the country is renamed the Arab Republic of Egypt. 1971 - The Aswan High Dam is completed. It proves to have a huge impact on irrigation, agriculture and industry in Egypt. Yom Kippur 1973 October - Egypt and Syria go to war with Israel during Israel's celebration of Yom Kippur to reclaim the land they lost in 1967. Egypt begins negotiations for the return of Sinai after the war. 1975 June - The Suez Canal is re-opened. It had been closed since the 1967 war. 1976 - Anwar al-Sadat ends the Treaty of Friendship with the Soviet Union. 1978 September - Camp David Accords for peace with Israel are signed. 1979 March - The peace treaty between Egypt and Israel is signed. Egypt is then condemned by other Arab nations and excluded from the Arab League. Sadat assassinated 1981 6 October - Anwar al-Sadat is assassinated by Jihad members. A national referendum approves Hosni Mubarak as the new president. 1987 October - Mubarak begins his second term. 1989 - Egypt rejoins the Arab League

Further Research

media type="custom" key="25913936"media type="custom" key="25919932"

---
Government and Politics

**The Overthrow of Nasser and his Philosophy- 1952** Egypt wasn't truly self governed until in 1952 when Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser was overthrown when the United States and other allied countries participated in a non-violent coup. The United States was motivated to take down Nasser because they feared that his philosophy of Nasserism, which was devised with the incentive of uniting the Arab nations, would inadvertently foster a decrease in the United States amount of access to valuable Arabian Oils. This ideological belief of Nasserism, which can be defined essentially as Arab Nationalism, had significant resonance in the Egyptian government. Groups who supported the notion were often given financial aid from Egypts government and even led to jobs in their governments administration.





**The Assassination of Anwar El-Sadat** On October, 6th 1981, in Cairo, Egypts capitol, Anwar El-Sadat, the president of Egypt at this time, was assassinated at the peak of his unpopularity by a group of men in military suits who fired rifles and launched hand grenades at him during a parade commemorating the 1973 war against Isreal. The unknown identities were later discovered to be the infamous Al-Qaeda, a villainous terrorist group guilty of countless murders.

Sadat himself was the successor of Gamal Abdel Nasser. He was given the role of interim ruler in 1970 proceeding Nassers death and was known for his reputation of making bold decisions in regards to foreign affairs. Sadat was most controversially acknowledged for his risky choice to travel to Isreal and propose peace in 1977. This historically risky decision most likely played a major role in the motivation behind the Isreali extremists who murdered him.

CLICK HERE TO HEAR AN AUDIO RECORDING OF SADAT PROMOTING PEACE

media type="custom" key="25905550"

Egypt and World War 2

After World War Two, Egypt petitioned for the extermination of all British troops from the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal is a drip of land uniting the Mediterranean and Red Seas across Egypt. As Egypt continued to demand the departure of the British troops, tensions rose to dangerous levels and the event known as the The Suez Crisis ensued.

A year later, the aforementioned political figure, President Gamal Abdel Nasser aspired to nationalize the Suez Canal. He planned to charge tolls thats profits would support the construction of dam in the Nile River. Isreal retaliated in September, followed by the arrival of British and French soldiers in November. Together these forced occupied the canal in protest. Motivated by the Soveits, the US, and the U.Ns persuasion, that December, the British and French stepped down and a year later in March, 1957, the Isreali armed forces finally resigned as well.

With the absence of the resistance forces, Egypt was able to take full ownership of the Canal and open it to commercial trade. It remained open for ten years but was shut down again following the 6 Day War and Isreali occupants in the Sinai Penninsula (the Sinai Penninsula grew to become the front line for the two battling armies: Isreal and Egypt).

The Suez Canal today pertains key significance to Egypts globalization. 50 ships venture through the canal each day- in addition, every year 300 million tons of goods are transported though the very waters of the canal, building a foundation on Egypts economy and its foreign policies and interactions.

---
Economy

The CBE, otherwise known as //The Central Bank of Egypt,// was established in 1960. Between 1954 and 1956 new currency was added in the form of aluminum coins. These were replaced with copper nickel in 1967.

**---**

works cited

Works Cited “Anwar Sadat Biography.” Saylor.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. Detailed biography of Anwar Sadat; including early life, visuals, and audio recordings “The Egyptian Pound.” State Information Services (SIS). N.p.: n.p., n.d. State Information Services Young Egypt Party. Web. 14 May 2014. Provided information regarding Egypts economy. Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal. (2014). The History Channel website. Retrieved 10:17, May 14, 2014, from . Egyptian president Nassers nationalization of the Suez Canal and the Suez Canal conflict. Farrell, William E. “Sadat Assassinated at Army Parade as Men Amid Ranks Fire into Stands; Vice President Affirms All Treaties.” The New York Times: n. pag. Print. “Gamal Abdel Nasser, 1918 - 1970.” QOTD.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. Gamal Abdel Nasser quotes

include component="tagCloud" By: Lilly Shea